Gum diseases are mainly gingivitis and periodontitis. The common cause is microbial or dental plaque, a sticky, nearly invisible membrane that forms daily on the teeth’ surface from bacteria in the oral cavity. Harmful substances (toxins) produced by the bacteria in the dental plaque cause superficial inflammation. The gums turn red and bleed easily.
This stage is called gingivitis. If untreated, gingivitis evolves into periodontitis, destroying the fibers and bone that hold the teeth, causing them to move, change position, form abscesses, and eventually be lost. Periodontitis develops slowly, without obvious symptoms to motivate the patient to act on their own.
Periodontal disease is worsened by various factors, such as smoking, pregnancy, and is also linked to other diseases like diabetes, heart disease, etc. Our goal is initially to prevent the disease, its early diagnosis, and treatment according to the stage, with conservative or surgical techniques. Equally important is guiding and educating the patient about daily oral hygiene methods, aiming to maintain the therapeutic result.